A Review On The Role Of Pharmacogenomics And Pharmacotherapy For The Treatment Of Tuberculosis To Optimize Patient Care Strategies

Abstract

One of the main public health issues in the world is tuberculosis. With typical short-course regimes of chemotherapy containing rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, the modern treatment for tuberculosis can cure up to 95% of the patients. Drugs used to treat tuberculosis have been the focus of pharmacogenomic research, which may help explain inter-subject variability in response. The factors influencing the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacogenomics, their side effects and its importance for treatment of tuberculosis are very well examined in the research. According to studies, pharmacogenomics greatly impacts how isoniazid is metabolized and how often adverse events occur during treatment. As far as medications like pyrazinamide and ethambutol are considered, there is no particular data available.  Pharmacogenomics must be incorporated into clinical studies.

Although drug susceptible TB multidrug therapy lasts for about six months, it has never been perfected. The study exhibits potential for the current medications and some advanced substances in order to accelerate the treatment for tuberculosis. Treatment shortening is sterilizing activity or the medications' capacity to continue killing mycobacteria beyond the first few days of combination therapy. Rifamycin have the best chance of shortening a course of treatment while maintaining safety, as shown in animal, vitro, and human evidence of improved sterilizing activity (at high daily dosages). Additionally, the fluoroquinolones seem to have a large sterilizing effect. Other potential advancements could come from inhaled delivery, new categories of medications with new mechanisms of action, or drugs that can't be taken orally because of toxicity or poor absorption. The difficulty with TB pharmacotherapy is coming up with well-tolerated, effective, and short-term systems that can be utilized successfully against a drug resistant TB for a diverse patient group.