Determinants Of Cervic Cancer In The Faisal Islamic Hospital, Makassar City, 2022

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022, the estimated incidence of cervical cancer is 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths throughout 2020. 90% of the incidence and deaths from cervical cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. The objective the research to determine the risk between menarche, changing sexual partners, nutritional status, smoking, and family history of cervical cancer and the incidence of cervical cancer. This study used a case control design with a retrospective analytic type of research. The research sample was 104 respondents, namely 52 cases (cervical cancer) and 52 controls (uterine myoma). Sampling used a simple random sampling method (case-control). Statistical analysis used was chi square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis which was intended to determine the magnitude of risk between outcome and exposure variables. Results are expressed in odds ratios. The findings in this study were menarche (OR: 5,829 (1,803-18,838); CL = 95%; P = 0,001) changing sexual partners (OR: 5,412 (1,836-15,953) CL=95%; P=0,001) and status nutrition (OR: 4.792 (1.732-13.25) CL=95%; P=0.002) was the determinant of cervical cancer incidence. Meanwhile, smoking and family history of cervical cancer were not significant (OR: 3.122 (0.314-31.047) CL=95%; P=0.308). Changing sexual partners is the most influential variable on the incidence of cervical cancer. The highest risk of cervical cancer is in women who experience menarche < 15 years, change sexual partners, and have poor nutritional status. For women who experience menarche <15 years, it is necessary to carry out HPV vaccination as a primary prevention effort.