EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY INDUCED BY SODIUM BENZOATE IN NORMAL CELL LINE OF GINGIVAL FIBROBLAST (HGF) BY COMET ASSAY METHOD
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Abstract
Background and Objective: Sodium benzoate is an artificial compound known as a food preservative, although it has a few other usages. Sodium benzoate is the first preservative approved by the FDA for foods and it is also a food additive. In this regard, the current study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity induced by sodium benzoate in the normal cell line of gingival fibroblast (HGF) by the comet method.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population of the current study includes both comet investigation and measurement of the Intracellular glutathione (GSH) as well as the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the normal cell line of Gingival Fibroblast (HGF) in a way that different concentrations of sodium benzoate were applied on each cell line. Also, all the above steps were separately iterated up to three times for evaluation. The comet assay method was used to determine the genotoxicity of sodium benzoate. Also, to assess the rate of change in oxidative stress parameters induced by the sodium benzoate on the normal cell line of gingival fibroblast (HGF), the rates of GSH and ROS were evaluated.
Findings: The results of the assessment of genotoxic effects of sodium benzoate on the HGF cells, these cells were exposed for 1 h to different concentrations of sodium benzoate (10, 50, 100, and 150 µM). The results were indicative of damage to the DNA in the form of three parameters of tail length, %DNA in the tail, and tail moment, compared to the control group. The ANOVA analysis results were significant for all three parameters. The results obtained from the analysis showed a significant increase in the tail length, DNA percentage in the tail, and tail moment in all concentrations, compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that sodium benzoate inflicts significant damage to the DNA compared to the control group. Its genotoxicity also depends on the concentration.