Pharmacological Pain Treatments Among Adult Patients Undergoing Surgery For Traumatic Limb Injuries; The Effectiveness Of Preoperative Non-Pharmacological Interventions On The Postoperative Level Of Pain

Abstract

Patients with traumatic limb injury differ from orthopaedic patients having elective surgery as they are already in pain, and have high levels of anxiety and stress of many aspects that may change their life such as unexpected complications, negative outcomes, changes in body image, diminished self-esteem. Also, uncertainty about their physical status, for example, having a disability that may affect their productivity, or make them unable to perform their responsibilities, Therefore, patients with traumatic limb injuries require specific care for their pain.