Integrative Model Of Holistic Iridology Principles With The Four Noble Truths For Learning

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Sukanya Manobal , Lampong Klomkul , Phramaha Sombat Dhanapañño

Abstract

The objectives of this research were 1) to study an integrative model of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning, 2) to create and examine integrative model of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning, and 3) to propose an integrative model of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning. Multiphase mixed methods research was used, and it was divided into 3 phases. Phase 1 used qualitative research, 5 key informants were selected from religious expert holistic health assessment by retinal reading alternative medicine and holistic health. Research tool consisted of an interview form and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Phase 2 was quasi-experimental research and the samples were calculated by using Daniel Soper's formula, purposive sampling was used for the selection of participants in 100 samples. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-tests and focus group discussion by experts obtained from a purposive sampling of 9 experts, and data were analyzed by analytic induction. Phase 3 was quantitative research, the sample group were 100 samples of iris readers, research volunteers of the Iris Readers Club of Thailand. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and analyzed to validate the model with the empirical data, and analyze the direct and indirect effects. Results showed that 1) an integrative model of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning consisted of the process of holistic iridology principles following Action Research workshop (PAOR) which were Plan, Act, Observe, and Reflect. It was a basic activity conducted through the integration of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths consisted of (1) Dukkha to know physical and mental disease, (2) Samudaya to investigate disease, (3) Nirodha to finish cause of disease, (4) Magga to cure disease using wisdom. Results can be linked to holistic learning consisted of (1) know and understand level of physical health, (2) emotional agility of disease cause, (3) know the society and having good company, and (4) know spiritual well-being. 2) An integrative model of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning for the experiment consisted of holistic iridology as the independent variable focusing on theory, practice and field study towards to learning results as dependent variable to enhance understanding, able to analyze, evaluate and advise for applying in daily life. The results of a comparative experiment before and after the workshop on the science of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning. There was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. After the workshop on holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning ( = 49.25), the scores were higher than before the workshop training ( = 19.15). The overall satisfaction with the workshop was at a high level in 3 aspects, namely the speaker aspect, the content aspect and the outcome aspect. 3) Results of validation the consistency of the developed model with the empirical data. It was found that the model fit with empirical data (Chi-square = 36.94, df = 25, p = .058, GFI = .944, AGFI = .825, RMR = .083), accounting for the variations in holistic learning = 86.70 percent, and the influence of the process of holistic iridology principles on holistic learning direct and indirect effects through the Four Noble Truths was statistically significant, with direct effect = .181 and indirect effect = .448, respectively. It is noteworthy that the effect size of indirect effect of the process of holistic iridology principles (HIP) on holistic learning (HL) was about 2.5 times the direct effect. It was shown that the Four Noble Truths variable (FNT) was a mediator in the integrative model of holistic iridology principles with the four noble truths for learning.

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