Measuring Financial Discipline Using the Budget Deficit Index in Iraq For (2005-2020)

Abstract

One of the main ways that can be used as an indicator of the state of the presence or absence of financial discipline in the economy of any country, as well as understanding its economic reality and the strengths and weaknesses of that economy is the budget deficit indicator, and financial discipline is one of the basic measures to reach financial stability and financial sustainability at both levels. Global and local, and Iraq, as one of the developing countries, suffers from the problem of the budget deficit in its multiple dimensions, both internally and externally, in light of the increasing imbalance in its financial and economic system, which reveals the decline in the financing role on the one hand, On the other hand, it reveals how financing and spending are based on financial discipline, and based on this, it is possible to seek to analyze and measure the financial discipline equation for the period under study (2005-2020) in the Iraqi economy, as this indicator is the best in expressing the financial situation For the economy, it reflects the financial imbalance resulting from the imbalance in the structure of the general budget of Iraq in light of an economy that lacks the diversity of sources of public revenues for the state and the resulting negative effects on the public budget as well as the effects on economic variables.