A Review: Integrated Disease Management Approaches For Macrophomina Phaseolina

Abstract

Macrophomina phaseolina causes dry root rot, charcoal rot diseases in various crop species. It is cause severe yield loss even upto cent per cent in crop like groundnut. It can survive at high temperature in the soil in the form of resting spores. Use of single approach of disease management, sometimes couldn’t work effectively; rather, combined uses of various management practices show better response in different crops and this collective approach termed as integrated disease management (IDM). Also, integrated disease management gives opportunity to less use of hazardous chemicals and insists ecofriendly management of the pathogen. Sowing of resistance varieties of black gram, soybean, chickpea had shown up to 100 disease control or no disease infection. Use of bio-control agents like Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas sp. as a seed treatment, a soil application or/and foliar spray found to be effective against pathogen and also improved growth of crops. Following of cultural practices i.e., water stress management, crop rotation, inter-cropping proved effective to reduce inoculums load and infection of M. phaseolina. Adding of inorganic salts such as lime, gypsum and compost in the soil may alter the micro-environment unsuitable for the pathogens and help to reduce inoculums. Combinations of phyto extract with chemical fungicides and also individual use favors reduction in rate of disease infection. This review focuses on integrated approaches for management of Macrophomina phaseolina towards sustainable agriculture.